Pterocarpus marsupium Extract 5% C-Glycosides

The heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium, the Indian kino tree whose red resinous wood is used in Ayurvedic trade as vijaysar, is extracted with ethanol to give this Pterocarpus marsupium extract. The concentrate is dried and milled to a light brown, 80 mesh powder with a dry, woody, astringent character.

C-glycosides are measured by HPLC at a single 5% grade. Other marker grades of the same wood exist and are listed separately. The heartwood is the stated material, and the identity statement fixes the species because related Pterocarpus woods are traded under similar names.

SKU: BOT-STX-0213 Category: Standardized Extracts Tags: Bark & Stem, Capsules & Tablets, Dry Blends & Premixes, Ethanol Extracted, Saponins, Standardized Extracts

C-Glycoside Standardization & Grades

In a C-glycoside the sugar is joined to the aglycone through a carbon-carbon bond, not through an oxygen, and this makes the linkage far more resistant to acid and enzyme hydrolysis. The heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. contains several such compounds, among them the C-glucosyl chalcone and dihydrochalcone derivatives called marsupsin and pterosupin, together with the stilbene pterostilbene and the flavonoid liquiritigenin. The extract is standardized to C-glycosides as a group because they are the characteristic and most abundant polar constituents of the heartwood.

With a single 5% level, every lot is measured against one target by the same method. A 5% figure for a group of polar glycosides leaves a large share of the powder as other wood extractives, such as the red kino tannins and phenolics, which give the extract its color. The same tree gives a stilbene that is available as a purified compound, Pterostilbene 99%, a different material from the glycoside fraction. No milled wood or ratio extract of the species is currently listed in the catalog.

Other marker grades of the same wood are available by separate arrangement. This grade is defined by its C-glycoside figure only.

The heartwood is the part used, and the trade handles it in a specific way. Indian kino trees are felled or tapped, the sapwood is trimmed away, and the red heartwood is cut into chips before extraction. Material with a high proportion of sapwood gives a paler extract with a lower marker share. Pterocarpus marsupium extract is therefore defined by the heartwood and by the C-glycoside figure.

C-Glycoside Analysis & Purity Risks

HPLC separates the C-glycosides from the stilbenes and flavonoids of the heartwood on a reversed-phase column and detects them in the UV, where the chalcone and flavonoid chromophores absorb. Each C-glycoside is quantified against its own reference standard, and the group figure is the sum of the identified peaks. The C-glycosides are polar and elute early, ahead of pterostilbene, which is much less polar.

Because C-glycosides resist hydrolysis, they behave differently in sample preparation from ordinary O-glycosides. Acid treatment that would release the aglycone from an O-glycoside leaves them intact, so a lot treated by strong acid during extraction is not converted to aglycones. This makes the marker stable through processing and gives a figure that reflects the starting material.

Identity is read from the fingerprint. The C-glycoside cluster, with pterostilbene and liquiritigenin as less polar companions, is typical of Indian kino heartwood. This pattern separates the extract from extracts of other Pterocarpus woods and from tannin-rich woods sold as astringent materials.

The botanical risk is the genus. Red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus) and several other Pterocarpus species yield red heartwoods that look similar in chip form, but they carry a different set of compounds, with santalins as the pigment of red sandalwood. The stated species and the heartwood are part of the identity. The sapwood of the same tree, which is pale, contains few of the marker compounds, so a lot that includes sapwood shows a lower marker share and a lighter color.

Wild trees of this species are slow-growing and long-lived, so sourcing documentation matters for repeat orders. The wood is cut into chips, dried and extracted promptly, because chips stored damp develop mold.

Sample preparation affects the reading. The C-glycosides dissolve in aqueous methanol, and the solution is filtered before injection, because wood tannins form fine precipitates that block columns. A fresh standard is used for each run, and the retention times of the polar C-glycosides are checked against the standard so that peaks are assigned correctly.

Typical Specifications

Specification Item	Product Information
Latin Name	Pterocarpus marsupium
Plant Part	Bark & Stem
Processing	Ethanol Extraction
Compound Class	Saponins
Common Name	Pterocarpus, Indian Kino, Vijaysar
Ingredient Type	Standardized Extract
Marker Compound(s)	C-Glycosides
Primary Grade	5% C-Glycosides (HPLC)
Appearance	Light Brown powder
Solubility / Dispersibility	Slightly Soluble in Water
Quality Parameters
Moisture (LOD)	≤5.0%
Total Ash	≤5.0%
Particle Size	80 mesh
Heavy Metals	Lead ≤2 ppm · Arsenic ≤1 ppm · Cadmium ≤1 ppm · Mercury ≤0.1 ppm
Microbiology	TPC ≤1,000 cfu/g · Yeast & Mold ≤100 cfu/g · E. coli Negative · Salmonella Negative/25 g
Shelf Life	24 months in unopened original packaging, cool and dry storage

Applications by Grade

5% Grade in Tannin-Rich Capsule Fills

The 5% grade of Pterocarpus marsupium extract fits two-piece capsules at a modest fill weight. The tannin-rich powder is astringent and mildly hygroscopic, so a dry filling room and a flow agent keep capsule weights steady, and an opaque shell hides the brown fill.

5% Grade in Coated Tablets

Tablets of the 5% Pterocarpus marsupium grade need a dry binder and a film coat, because the astringent powder darkens when it picks up moisture. A coat also covers the dry, puckering taste of the wood, and a hardness check after a month of storage shows whether the tablet has softened.

5% Grade in Herbal Tea Blends

Granulated blends for infusion pair the 5% Pterocarpus marsupium grade with wood chips in a traditional style, where the extract adds a reddish tint and a dissolved base. The extract dissolves more slowly than the chips, so it is dosed as a fine powder inside the bag.

5% Grade in Instant Drink Powders

Instant drink powders disperse the 5% grade at gram level, giving a pale red-brown haze because it is only slightly soluble. The astringent, woody flavor suits cinnamon, ginger or citrus flavors, and the powder is stirred in slowly to avoid lumps.

5% Grade in Contract Blending

Contract blenders use the 5% grade in multi-ingredient powders where a defined heartwood extract is wanted. Blend in stages, since a dark, sticky powder can streak a pale carrier, and keep a retained sample for color comparison between lots.

Technical & Quality Considerations

Pterocarpus marsupium extract is a light brown to reddish-brown powder with a dry, woody and astringent character. It is only slightly soluble in water. The C-glycosides dissolve in warm water and aqueous alcohol, while pterostilbene and the aglycones dissolve in ethanol and lipids, so an aqueous-alcohol base holds the whole extract more evenly than plain water.

C-glycosides are very stable, since the carbon-carbon bond resists acid, heat and enzymes, and the marker is robust in baked, pasteurized and acidic products. The kino tannins around them are less stable: they oxidize in solution with iron and copper, bind proteins and darken the finished product through red to dark brown.

The dry powder takes up moisture and cakes when damp. Closed charging and local extraction keep the fine brown dust out of the air and off clothing, since the pigment stains.

A receiving check helps: a light brown to red-brown, fine powder with a dry woody note is expected, while a pale cast points to sapwood and a musty smell suggests damp chips. Then an accelerated stability run in the intended pack shows early whether color, flow and the glycoside figure hold across the shelf life.

Packaging & Commercial Supply

Essencefield supports product evaluation, formulation trials, commercial orders, and ongoing ingredient supply. Packaging, storage, and shipping arrangements are determined by product characteristics, order quantity, stability requirements, and destination-market needs.

Supply Item	General Information
Sample	Available upon request for formulation, testing, and supplier evaluation
Order Quantities	100 g · 1 kg · 5 kg · 25 kg · 100 kg · 500 kg · Bulk
Sample Lead Time	Typically 5–7 days after sample confirmation
Production Lead Time	Typically 15–30 days after order and specification confirmation
Packaging	Suitable protective inner packaging with bags, cartons, drums, or other appropriate outer packaging
Storage	Store in tightly sealed, suitable protective packaging in a cool, dry environment. Protect from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight. Specific storage conditions follow the approved product specification.
Documentation	COA · Product Specification · TDS · SDS · Applicable declarations (as applicable)

Final order quantities, lead times, packaging, documentation, and shipping arrangements are confirmed according to the selected product and commercial requirements.