Beetroot Identity & Plant Part
The botanical entity is Beta vulgaris L., a species that covers red table beet, sugar beet, fodder beet and Swiss chard. The part used is the swollen taproot of red table beet, the garden form with deep red flesh. Leaves and petioles are not part of this extract, and sugar beet, which is bred for sucrose, belongs to a different cultivar group.
The red of the root comes from betalains: red-violet betacyanins, with betanin as the main one, and a smaller fraction of yellow betaxanthins. Betalains are chemically unrelated to the anthocyanins of berries, which is why beet red reacts differently from berry red to acid, light and metals. Root sugar, mainly sucrose, and minerals travel into a water extract alongside the pigment.
The earthy smell of beet is the compound geosmin.












