3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Chemical Identity
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid has the molecular formula C8H8O4 and a molecular weight of 168.1. A benzene ring carries two adjacent hydroxyl groups, a catechol, and a CH2–COOH side chain. The single methylene group between the ring and the carboxyl is the structural point that sets it apart from 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, where the carboxyl is attached directly to the ring, and from homovanillic acid, which has one hydroxyl methylated. The CH2 group isolates the ring from the acid, so the ring behaves like a free catechol while the acid behaves like an ordinary aliphatic carboxylic acid.
In the olive fruit, phenols such as hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol dominate, and the acetic acid analog arises by oxidation of hydroxytyrosol. The natural source here is the fruit of Olea europaea L., and the part and species belong beside the name because the same compound occurs in other plants and as an animal metabolite. Olive fruit is supplied in other forms: Olive Fruit Extract 10–40% Hydroxytyrosol, the 10:1 Olive Fruit Extract Powder and the pure phenol Hydroxytyrosol 98%. In those, the alcohol is the defining compound, whereas 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid is its oxidized acid.
Because DOPAC is a common name in biochemistry as well as in food chemistry, a specification should always give the full chemical name, the CAS number and the source.












